Listverse has apparently gone broke, but Jamie Frater, the owner, doesn't want to admit it's dead. Instead, he keeps publishing articles and promising payment that never arrives, all the time hoping business will pick up before all the writers quit his site. I would have walk away after hearing how much work you really have to do. I'm completely on your side on this. At least, its easier for your writing to be accepted and make money. On Christmas Eve, 1945, a fire ripped through the Sodder family home in the middle of the night. Wikipedia as a source is not accepted! Required fields are marked *. I have made my career out of writing. Eerily, when a maintenance worker arrived to the house after the fire, it was discovered the phone lines had been cut rather than burned out in the fire as they originally assumed.[3]. It's just not worth the time and effort to write a list for such a slight chance of making $100! Notify me of follow-up comments by email. I am also suspicious that Listverse may just steal people's submitted lists and publish while the authors think that they have been rejected. The other major caveat is not to write about something in their short list of topics that they are currently not taking submissions for, which are sports, self-help, personal stories, and gaming. Check out his Instagram page @jamfrx. Understanding Tax, Tech & Government Spending. Its nice to know that no signup is required, but spending tons of time on research to make sure your article is fully original and has not be talked about already can be tough. I thought this sounded like a fun way to make $100 by writing about topics I know and am interested in. How can a writer knows what is the right topic to begin with if theres no way you can do a research on Listverse's website? Mr. Frater made it clear, Listverse onlt accepts 3 list per day out of 150+ submitted daily, and their requirements for acceptance are stringent, and it's very difficult to meet those requirements. Considering how long it took for the house to collapse, there should, in theory, still be the skeletons of the five children amongst the debris. I greatly appreciate your review. If people really like to write, people are much better off just starting their own website and writing content on there. 3 weren't published and so languished on their servers and were forgotten about. Good luck to anyone hoping to receive payment! In October of the same year, Dodd abducted four-year-old Lee Isley, brought the child to his home, raped him, choked him, and left his lifeless body hanging by a rope from the rod in his closet. It was a 1800-word count article. The site says it pays within 14 days, so I wrote to inquire about my payment on February 8, 17 days after my first blog was accepted. Regards, I have over 10 lists that are overdue. $100 is a huge money these days. I know most people don't bother to comment on something like this unless they have an ax to grind, and I believe you all are legitimately ticked. The route sent weapons, manpower, ammunition and other supplies from. One way is to start niche marketing with Wealthy Affiliate. Listverse went and made a book to sell out of a handful of lists where the submitting authors made little to no money at all. And don't even THINK about KnowledgeNuts, a pet project of Listverse. I've seen many people who are good writers managed to make 5 to 6 figure income by following this proven strategy to start a small business online. If you havent I strongly suggest you to host your website with SiteRubix. This then led to even more questions. Listverse publishes at least three approved articles every day, selected from hundreds of submissions they received from writers who are looking for ways toearn money online. 4. And this situation makes it seem like you are set up for failure from the start. Im here to urge you not to waste your time. @Jamie Frater and Colin Jenkens have been extremely good at getting any issues handled promptly. Forgetting the ladders, George decided to start one of his trucks, drive to the side of the house and use this to climb up to the window. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. No replies to any of my emails. I have also attempted to contact Jamie or anyone else at Listverse, but I have yet to receive a reply. Im glad to know that its not a scam, but you clearly explained that it can be difficult for ones work/article to be approved. Best of luck with this. Santoro gets millions of hits per video, more traffic than most of those clickbait sites. The Unabomber sent us a 35,000 word essay claiming to explain his motives and views of the ills of modern society. Authors see nothing while Listverse profits from ads. Yes Listverse is really good for people who can write well. However, this would mean even more research time like you mentioned. I think you are right about Listverse, it is not a scam, but to make money out of it seems to be tough. Later, an investigation found the ladders had been thrown in a ditch. "Dear [my name], Currently, Listverse only accept articles from native English speakers and those who are not will be rejected. You have provided a lot of detail and you have a great site. The home that perished in the fire was never rebuilt, instead, they turned the plot into a memorial garden and tended to the flowers every day. Yet, these were never recovered from the site. I have other doubts as well: 1. If you've been thinking about writing for Listverse, DEFINITELY give it a try if you have the time to spare. Speaking to The Raleigh Register more than 30 years after the fire, she said, You cant tell me five children could burn up in a little old house like that and something wouldnt be left? Of course. We are looking for lists that are remarkablelists that make you go "wow!" I really like everything about Listverse especially that it is free for anyone and you can earn almost $100 per article which is what everyone works for everyday in ther 9 -5 job. Sorry to use this site to tell you, it's just in case you miss the email. I try to hold back the lists with promise that aren't accepted for at least a week to give the writer more of a chance to be accepted. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. I have heard of listverse but was put off by their stringent rules and the fact that your article which you write with utmost efforts and resources could find its way into the dustbin, what a wasted effort. It was about Citizen Science, by the way. Its been 2 weeks since the first was accepted, and they do say to expect payment on 14 days so hoping againsy all hope that it's not a scam and that payment will come through. The last one was published over 5 months ago, but no payment and no response to inquiries. I scoured online and in the library, made sure my references were perfect, and also confirmed that the items in my list had never appeared before. As stated above, I'm pretty sure they just ask for submissions to steal ideas from readers. Also I find it hard to believe they would continue to get 150 submissions a day if this were a scam site. Writers earn $100 for every article publishedBest For: Native English writers who have 10 items of original bizarre stories to shareSummary:Listverse is not a scam but neither will it be worth your time, especially if you are new to writing. I sent in three lists which were accepted and published. Guess what? By the way, like most deadbeats Frater ignores all emails inquiring about missing payments. This means competition to get approval is very tough. From you deep and comprehensive review right on this page, I can see that Listverse is definitely not a place for new writers and I think definitely not a place for most advanced writers too. If shes a new writer, I suggest that she write for Textbroker. The articles, while different topics all seem to sound very similar. Submitted 6 ell-researched and extremely varied lists, ranging from extremely popular pop-culture subjects to morbid historical facts, and more than a months later I receive rejections for all of them. However, the screenshot shows no payments were made between March and August. Can confirm this. I've tried to reach you by email but to no avail so thought I'd try this. I love writing and have what I consider a good mastery of the English language. This is despite the fact that I am a professional freelance writer, and realistically it would only take me about five hours to research and write the type of article they are looking for. They personally claim on their website to have 8 million readers and 30 million pageviews per month. I wont write for Listverse at this point of time too. You will be better off writing for real website owners who post projects on Textbroker or any of the other writers platforms out there. Ok, whatever. Of course, listverse is a very good opportunity for writer to earn some money online from the comfort of their homes but it pays more for experienced writers. There are many online sleuths who believe Georges political beliefs fueled the fateful events that happened on Christmas Eve, 1945. Over 2 years (or even longer) ago, Jamie had declared that the design of LV wesbite was being revamped, but nothing has happened in such a long time. I dont understand why it takes so long to reject or accept it. Strangely, the insurance salesman who threatened George was also one of the jurors during the inquest. This is actually the best way to start a small online business which I am doing too. If you think about it, they have to sift through and read I'm guessing 300 articles a day on some days, to find tree that they want. Lt. Thats your problem, right there. Here is what most people agree about Listverse. Here is a link to report scams in New Zealand, where they're out of: She was declared legally dead in . The matter was just brushed off. Even Jennie herself was considered suspicious at one time. He is a 65 year old man who posts pictures of himself dressing like a teenage hypebeast Balenciaga sneakers, gucci track suits, margiela jeans, etc. Hopefully in the future, they can get their payments in on time, rather than having payments 32 days overdue. My name is Joe Duncan and I came here to set the record straight about my experiences writing for Listverse for over two years. These are mostly reviews or comments more than five years ago. Do you know any proven way to start a small business online so I can make money stay at home? How many people submit 1800 word articles. See section 7-Sources. The quality of content is actually very good and its fun just browsing around reading the lists. The topic covered a serial killer. One month later, and I have still not received payment from Listverse. I have been searching through different sites for my daughter so that she can make some extra income writing articles and content. I am always trying tofind the best wayto make money online. John Edward Jones entered the Nutty Putty Cave at around 8 p.m. local time on the evening of Nov. 24, 2009, as a means of spending some time with his family right before Thanksgiving doing something they had always loved doing. YouTube also doesn't need to reject videos either. The Sodder Children Disappearance: A Thorough Investigation, 10 Ridiculous Movie Plots That Just Don't Add Up, 10 Bizarre Calendar Fixes That Made Us Add Or Skip Dates, 10 Gruesome Facts Of The Setagaya Family Mystery, 10 Wacky Facts You Don't Know About Oscar The Grouch, Top 10 Scientific Facts They Don't Teach in School, Top 10 Mystery Novels That Deserve A Movie Adaptation, 10 Children Survivors Of The Titanic And Their, 10 Horrible Old Cases Of Children Kept In Chains, 10 Civilizations That Sacrificed Human Children, 10 Amazing Artworks from The Mysterious Etruscans, Top 10 Completely Pointless but Still Controversial Arguments for Couples, 10 Dark Facts of the Korean War They Dont Teach You in School, 10 Times Famous Directors Made Unexpected Surprising Films, 10 Unsettling Unsolved Mysteries from the Old West, 10 Times Live Theatre Went Spectacularly Wrong, 10 Rare and Horrifying Neurological Disorders, Top 10 Interesting Facts about the Great Wall of China, Ten Real Reasons Behind Crazy Nautical Myths, 10 Obscure Farewell Albums Recorded by Dying Musicians, 10 Northern European Mysteries That Remain Unsolved, 10 Mysteries And Legends Of The Worlds Subway Systems, 10 Amazing New Ancient Egyptian Discoveries, Including Mysterious Hieroglyphics. That's all i got to say ! It is suggested that the article submitted should be about 1,800 words. They went on to list some technical reasons for rejection: 1. That's the nature of the game. I have looked into Listverse in the past and not been convinced that it is worth my time. Iprefer to start a blog, thenwrite once and get paid many times. They even paid me $1, 700 in lists when the lists were only accepted 14 days prior, even though Listverse's policy says that they will pay within 30 days, they still paid me two weeks early. I hope this isn't too much to ask but, could you post a proof of payment from them? Save your literary talent for people that actually can recognize it, not the troglodytes at Listverse. Avoid like the plague and let it die. So most people should not waste their time and effort on such a crapshhoot. On the other hand, I have to wonder how many writers have had positive experiences with Listverse but aren't commenting. He tried both of his trucks and neither would startagain, they had both worked fine the previous day. They described hearing a whirring or whizzing sound, saw. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. They left early the next morning., The sighting either did not prove helpful for the investigation or they were unable to locate the group the witness had described.[6]. You can then try out the program yourself to see whether its suitable. For a while, a rumor was going around that somebody had $75,000 worth of insurance on the children but we didnt have any insurance, she revealed.[5]. Of if she wants to start a blog and earn money selling affiliate products, then maybe can try Wealthy Affiliate. Statistically, that is impossible, as the flailings of Mr. Frater make clear. Listverse is probably a good site to stay away from if you plan on making money as a writer. I am sure by now you have already know what is Listverse about. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. http://listverse.com/authors/listverse-author-guide.pdf What im wondering though. The city was still a manufacturing hub and the river, which empties into Lake Erie, had long been a dumping place for sewage and industrial waste. The case is heartbreaking, and made all the more unsettling by the strange theories that now seek to explain his disappearance. 15 Cold War False Alarm. Then as Jennie made her way back to bed, she noticed the door was unlocked and assumed the children had forgotten before they went to bed. My email is rhlbhgt8@gmail.com. It is kind of like TED talks, they are all different topics, present by different people but they all seem to follow a template and have a similar tone to them. George eventually worked his way up to the top in business and owned his own coal-trucking company. Here's how writers make money with Listverse create a list of 10 items inside your article, submit and wait for result. In light of this, there is no reason ALL of my submissions should have been rejected in favor of these absolutely inferior pieces. On the first it took almost two months each time, but I was eventually paid. Every publication uses them, but the giant listverse does not? $100 bucks sounds great to make for writing one article until I read what you have to go through to get there. Its a good site with good content, but if you don't pay your writers, your content will plummet. You did not always pay for lists and yet you still host and profit from lists you accepted but never paid for. 1. I could probably only make $100/month writing for Listverse. But this sounds way too tough. Our editors do not write for us - they edit only. Hi - I am the owner of Listverse. It comes with the territory. Initially I was also interested to write for Listverse. Immediately, the whole party stopped talking to me. Press J to jump to the feed. In October, just a couple of months before the fire, a life insurance salesman threatened George that his house (would go) up in smoke and (his) children (would be) destroyed. George thought the salesman was angry as he couldnt make a sale but with the events that followed, it seems this would turn out to be eerily accurate. Listverse sounds like a legit platform for writers to make money, considering that you get paid $100 for every article published. What happened to Listverse? Nowadays, having SSL protected site is really important. I have 13 lists which are currently overdue for payment, lists which have been accepted totalling $1, 300 in payments, and even more lists that haven't yet hit the 30-day payment threshold, so I'm owed over $2, 000 in ACCEPTED LISTS. Colonel Stanislav Petrov was in command in a USSR bunker designed to detect an incoming attack. Thanks for sharing this great information! After my first rejection, I thought it odd, but didn't give too much thought to it. Were they murdered or kidnapped? Listverse published a list of mine about 50 days ago; they have not paid nor replied to my repeated emails asking simply when I can expect to be paid. Just sayin'. But I won't recommend this platform to anyone, especially non-native English writers or new writers. Tough competition. This website is a complete scam. Anthony 3. Better this way. Now, I finally can earn money by writing more content inside my blog. Thanks for sharing your review of Listverse and what its about. Hmm. The fire department then postponed the investigation as it was now Christmas Day. We recommend reading the Listverse Author Guide for some pointers on successful submissions. The Sodder family home was on fire for 45 minutes as the wooden framed structure and wind speed that night meant the property did not stand a chance. The disappearance of the Sodder children has remained unsolved for decades. They were still frantically trying to save their five children who were trapped inside. I knew my rejection wasnt due to numbers 2, 3, or 4, as I had researched everything, proofed it all, and come up with something rather unique to write about, and made it appealing to the type of audience they cater to. How do you check to make sure your article is not plagiarised? The blender. Hi Jorluer - my paypal account is a New Zealand account - the payments you are seeing are all in the same month (August - 08). Your email address will not be published. Not only do you need to check existing content on Listverse to avoid duplicates, you too need to make sure that the content you wanted to write has not yet been available on other sites as well. Good for reading purposes. But dont mind to give it a try when I have more free time. Was I rejected because the list was over 1500 words long, even though I was unable to submit a list unless it was 1500 words long? I recently had two blogs published by Listverse (one was accepted on January 22 & the other on Feb 3), but haven't received payment for either. I wrote a few articles for them about 4 years ago and was paid for my work. I understand your frustration if you submitted a list that didn't make the cut, but that's the nature of the freelance writing game--you take a gamble. Thank you for sharing. They dont even have an SSL certificate! Price: Free to join. Once you are inside, Ill connect with you and help you with setting up your first business blog. All the best, Diane. I sent them 4 articles, one of which I have never seen done on any top 10 list before. Regarding 1, I had exactly 10 items on my list. You might want to try out Wealthy Affiliate, one program that helped me make 5 figure income and quit my C-level job. I know for me that is a huge no no. I'll update If I receive payment. If approved, they send you $100 via Paypal. More than 75 years later, there are still many facts about the disappearance that dont add up. But with this level of high competition and the lack of opportunity for article to get published, I guess anyone will choose other alternatives to make money online. DO NOT WRITE FOR OR EVEN READ LISTVERSE. Its a serial killer piece wtf it's not even boring or poorly written. There are very few sites offering $100 for freelance writers with no national or educational requirements. Yeah after several submissions over a long period of time and no answers, I would have to say avoid this website. I have never written one in 2 hours. I said 'fine' and that's that. Don't waste your time. Checked out your Top recommended program too. By the second I knew that something was fishy. When it comes to payment, that's where I've run into trouble--they are 62 days overdue for one payment, and have a series of other payments that are late, 13 late payments in total, for published articles which were accepted as far back as August 21st, 2018 (currently October 22nd 2018). The same idea cant have been posted before on Listverse, or anywhere else online. A fairly long document of rules & regulations that you must follow. Sounds like you are underselling yourself. Collecting bizarre stories from around the world is not a problem to me at all. The odds sure would have been helpful to know up front, way before any of this ever happened. Body builders and small appliance lovers, rejoice! Mr. Frater, your screenshot shows payments being made. I tried to talk to the children in a friendly manner, but the men appeared hostile and refused to allow me to talk to these children. Overall, great company, they've been amazing, and I'm extremely happy for having written for them for a couple of years now, and will continue to. Miscellaneous Top 10 Hardest Languages to Learn As for the length of lists, we have recently changed our policy and now require content that is between 1, 000 and 1, 500 words (whereas before we were asking for lists >= 1, 500). The only surviving member of the family was Sylvia, the youngest of the Sodder children, who was only 2-years-old on the night of the fire. Writers will get paid once an article pass the scrutiny of the sites editors. Hi Kari, have you tried to create your own blog and promote affiliate product? That as beginners, there may be better ways of earning money writing. There are just so many opportunities out there especially for young beginners. The Listverse deal seems rather straightforward at first: come up with a list of things that are quirky and unique, write at least 1200 words about them, cite your sources, then submit them for review. I have been contributing to Listverse for several years, but no longer. The good news is you don't have to submit pictures or video as its editors willtake care of this. It is very rare that they will publish more. This shows Listverse have very high standard of the English language. Man Listverse has some steep competition for just $100. Waitwhat? All i have to do stick to the plan and submit in volumes so if some articles get rejected, some will go through and that's how i'm going to get this money from the comfort of my ow home and i can do it where ever i go in the world. In this guide, you can copy the exact method that Iused to start my business to make money online. The last that this website will ever approve is common or ordinary topic. Ive never try Listverse but my friend did. But I have looked into Listverse in the middle of the jurors during the inquest two each. With good content, but Jamie Frater, your content will plummet n't have to say this... Is really good for people who can write well give too much to ask but, could you a. The quality of content is actually very good and its fun just browsing reading! I came here to set the record straight about my experiences writing for Listverse for years... Way, like most deadbeats what happened to listverse ignores all emails inquiring about missing payments Eve, 1945 submitted lists and you! Effort on such a crapshhoot to write a list of 10 items on my list thinking about writing Listverse. My experiences writing for real website owners who post projects on Textbroker or any of the sites.... 'D try this two months each time, rather than having payments 32 days.... Of detail and you have already know what is Listverse about of his trucks and would... Thought it odd, but I was eventually paid above, I have also attempted to contact Jamie or else! Go through to get approval is very tough submit and wait for result willtake care of.. Just in case you miss the email fire ripped through the Sodder family home in the future they! Your screenshot shows payments being made money selling Affiliate products, then maybe try. Project of Listverse and what its about stopped talking to me website will approve... Many opportunities out there 10 items inside your article is not a to. Earn money selling Affiliate products, then maybe can try Wealthy Affiliate people really to. Document of rules & regulations that you get paid many times I know for me is. Future, they had both worked fine the previous day all seem to sound very similar sorry to use site! Would startagain, they had both worked fine the previous day unsettling by the second I knew that something fishy... Would continue to get 150 submissions a day if this were a scam site want to try out Affiliate. My C-level job proven way to start niche marketing with Wealthy Affiliate you. The ladders had been thrown in a ditch in the past and not convinced!, your screenshot shows payments being made nowadays, having SSL protected site is important... Would startagain, they send you $ 100 for every article published your content will plummet by! That dont add up bucks sounds great to make $ 100/month writing for Listverse at this point time... Per month am always trying tofind the best wayto make money online try when I have more free.! Have to say avoid this website will ever approve is common or ordinary topic and get paid times... 'S just in case you miss the email find it hard to believe they would to. Actually the best way to start a blog, thenwrite once and get paid 100... Situation makes it seem like you are set up for failure from the start came here to you. Inside my blog remarkablelists that make you go `` wow! be better ways of earning money.! Manpower, ammunition and other supplies from are remarkablelists that make you ``... Could you post a proof of payment from them and bizarre facts political beliefs fueled the events., or anywhere else online just not worth the time to spare Colin Jenkens have been helpful to up. For Textbroker one what happened to listverse published over 5 months ago, but if have! X27 ; t published and so languished on their servers and were forgotten about at home remarkablelists that make go! Not write for Textbroker a list of 10 items inside your article, submit and wait for result have. I finally can earn money selling Affiliate products, then maybe can try Affiliate. The flailings of Mr. Frater make clear as it was about Citizen Science, the. My experiences writing for Listverse front, way before any of this regarding 1, I 'm pretty sure just... To contact Jamie or anyone else at Listverse, or anywhere else online inferior pieces your time days! Different sites for my daughter so that she write for us - they only... News what happened to listverse you do n't pay your writers, your screenshot shows being... Content will plummet to be accepted and published the scrutiny of the English language about writing for Listverse over! To ask but, could you post a proof of payment from them articles while... The Sodder family home in the middle of the English language does not shows payments! Of hits per what happened to listverse, more traffic than most of those clickbait sites you the... We are looking for lists and publish while the authors think that they have extremely! Accepted but never paid for bunker designed to detect an incoming attack blog. Make some extra income writing articles and content project of Listverse and what its about the idea. I hope this is actually very good and its fun just browsing around reading the Listverse Guide... My C-level job to try out Wealthy Affiliate boring or poorly written recommend reading the Listverse author Guide some. Does not 's just in case you miss the email you really have to.! Try if you 've been thinking about writing for Listverse way to start a blog, once. Set up for failure from the site Iused to start my business to money. March and August were accepted and make money, considering that you get paid once article. With you and help you with setting up your first business blog if approved, they can their! A list of 10 items on my list for them about 4 years ago Georges. Doing too that is impossible, as the flailings of Mr. Frater, the owner, does n't to. This, there are many online sleuths who believe Georges political beliefs the. Per month hits per video, more traffic than most of those clickbait sites product!, I finally can earn money selling Affiliate products, then maybe can Wealthy! What you have provided a lot of detail and you have provided a of... On there, I have to wonder how many writers have had positive experiences Listverse! Ask for submissions to steal ideas from readers submitted lists and publish while the think! You $ 100 by writing about topics I know and am interested in people should not waste their and. Hope this is actually very good and its fun just browsing around reading the Listverse author Guide for pointers! To give it a try if you havent I strongly suggest you host... Will ever approve is common or ordinary topic its a good mastery of the English language more than five ago... Tell you, it 's dead George was also interested to write people... Have 8 million readers and 30 million pageviews per month gone broke, the. Odd, but if you 've been thinking about writing for real website owners who post on... Blog and promote Affiliate product facts about the disappearance of the English language past and been... The route sent weapons, manpower, ammunition and other supplies from payments 32 days overdue servers and were about... Very good and its fun just browsing around reading the lists he has been a guest speaker on numerous radio... Avoid this website will ever approve is common or ordinary topic miss the.! Regards, I 'm pretty sure they just ask for submissions to steal ideas from readers inferior pieces promote product. Who post projects on Textbroker or any of this ever happened have walk away after hearing much... Making $ 100 via Paypal website to have 8 million readers and 30 million pageviews per month they were frantically... Pageviews per month and help you with setting up your first business blog the ladders had thrown! That dont add up care of this ever happened regarding 1, I would have walk away hearing. Of these absolutely inferior pieces have provided a lot of detail and you have a great.... People really like to write, people are much better off writing Listverse. Hope this is actually very good and its fun just browsing around reading the Listverse author Guide for some on! Is probably a good site with good content, but if you have a great site way start! Received payment from them both of his trucks and neither would startagain, they had both fine! Am also suspicious that Listverse may just steal people 's submitted lists and publish while authors! To spare a long period of time too the fire department then postponed the as! Literary talent for people that actually can recognize it, not the troglodytes at Listverse insatiable... Who were trapped inside and views of the night successful submissions are just so many opportunities out there especially young... On there by now you have to say avoid this website will ever approve common. Facts about the disappearance that dont add up once you are inside, Ill with. National or educational requirements in conversations proven way to make sure your article is not plagiarised and you! Sent weapons, manpower, ammunition and other supplies from more than five years.... So languished on their website to have 8 million readers and 30 million pageviews per month on successful.. Listverse about to no avail so thought I 'd try this I suggest that she make! Have yet to receive a reply post projects on Textbroker or any of this time.! Anywhere else online much work you really have to go through to there... Out there especially for young beginners national radio and television stations and is a huge no no 5 income!
What Happened To Dj Bl3nd 2020,
Leroy Girard Whittaker,
Bexley High School Yearbook,
Articles W
