Marginal seas are large, shallow bodies of water that are positioned along the margins of the continents. During the Cretaceous the Caribbean acquired the shape close to that seen today. There are more than 7,000 islands including 12 countries and 22 island territories in the Caribbean Sea. p. 124. Caribbean, followed by Hispaniola and Jamaica. The region has several types of sea turtle (loggerhead, green turtle, hawksbill, leatherback turtle, Atlantic ridley and olive ridley). Over the years, rivers such as the Mekong, Pearl, and Red Rivers have deposited large sediments, oil, and gasses. It is not easy to find information about the bottom of the Caribbean Sea, which is why in 2010, a UK group of researchers from the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton (NOCS) used a robot to map out the trench. Such storms also have been a major cause of crop failure in the region. 21st Century. This public engagement improves science literacy and fosters an interest in the sciences among young people perhaps leading to the next generation of ocean explorers.. All 170 species of amphibians that live in the region are endemic. The Caribbean Sea is famous around the world as a tourist destination. Which Waters Do You Pass Through When You Sail the Seven Seas? [33], Human activity in the area also accounts for a significant amount of pollution. In the deep Caribbean Sea are multiple animals with limited vision and glow-in-the-dark scales. While the Caribbean Sea may sound never-ending, there is a maximum depth. The geological age of the Caribbean Sea is estimated to be between 160 and 180 million years and was formed by a horizontal fracture that split the supercontinent called Pangea in the Mesozoic Era. The deep-sea bottom of the Caribbean Sea is calcareous or slightly manganese silt. Pollution (in the form of up to 300,000 tonnes of solid garbage dumped into the Caribbean Sea each year) is progressively endangering marine ecosystems, wiping out species, and harming the livelihoods of the local people, which is primarily reliant on tourism and fishing. coral caribbean photos. After the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus in 1492, the Spanish term Antillas applied to the lands; stemming from this, Sea of the Antilles became a common alternative name for Caribbean Sea in various European languages. According to the National Hurricane Center 385 hurricanes occurred in the Caribbean between 1494 and 1900. We dont know exactly what we can expect to see, said Lt. Brian Kennedy, the expeditions coordinator and a member of NOAAs Commissioned Officers Corps. The pressure of the South American Plate to the east of the Caribbean causes the region of the Lesser Antilles to have high volcanic activity. The South China Sea sits between South China, Indochinese Peninsula, the Philippines, and several islands. Thats precisely why we explore.. The climate of the Caribbean generally is tropical, but there are great local variations, depending on mountain elevation, water currents, and the trade winds. Caribbean Sea, suboceanic basin of the western Atlantic Ocean, lying between latitudes 9 and 22 N and longitudes 89 and 60 W. It is approximately 1,063,000 square miles (2,753,000 square km) in extent. While the ocean has an average depth of 2.3 miles, the shape and depth of the seafloor is complex. Have some feedback for us? Of the endemic species 48 are threatened with extinction including the Puerto Rican amazon, and the Zapata wren. The Arabian Sea has an average depth of 2,734 m, with its deepest point in Wheatley Deep descending to about 5,800 m. The formation of this sea took place roughly 50 million years ago. (1991). The sea is one of the largest oil production areas in the world, producing approximately 170million tons[clarification needed] per year. It runs 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) along the coasts of Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras. Water covers about 71% of the Earth. Area: 1,491,000 sq. The deep basins and trenches in the Caribbean Sea bed are covered by deep red clay sediments, whereas the ridges and the continental slopes are covered by calcareous silts. The Indian Ocean basin makes up about 19.8% of the planets water and falls in the third position after the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Deepest Point: China Sea Basin (16,456 feet). The two largest islands, in both area and population, are Sicily and Sardinia . The region has a high level of biodiversity and many species are endemic to the Caribbean. Pernetta, John. In the Caribbean Sea there are around 1,000 documented species of fish, including sharks (bull shark, tiger shark, silky shark and Caribbean reef shark), flying fish, giant oceanic manta ray, angel fish, spotfin butterflyfish, parrotfish, Atlantic Goliath grouper, tarpon and moray eels. The Caribbean remained like this for most of the Cenozoic until the Holocene when rising water levels of the oceans restored communication with the Atlantic Ocean. The Caribbeans greatest known depth is Cayman Trench (Bartlett Deep) between Cuba and Jamaica, approximately 25,216 feet (7,686 metres) below sea level. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Caribbean Sea (Spanish: Mar Caribe; French: Mer des Carabes; Haitian Creole: Lanm Karayib; Jamaican Patois: Kiaribiyan Sii; Dutch: Carabische Zee; Papiamento: Laman Karibe) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere. The Yucatan Basin is partially separated from the Cayman Basin by the Cayman Ridge, which rises above to form the Cayman Islands. The coral reef in Caribbean Sea is threatened due to the increased temperature of the sea because of global warming effect. Its natural beauty makes it a popular tourist destination. [20][21][22][23], KfW took part in a 25.7 million funding agreement to eliminate marine trash and boost the circular economy in the Caribbean's Small Island Developing States. The younger Cenozoic beds (formed during the last 65 million years) are generally horizontal, having been laid down after the deformations occurred. The northernmost of these, the Yucatn Basin, is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by the Yucatn Channel, which runs between Cuba and the Yucatn Peninsula and has a sill depth (i.e., the depth of the submarine ridge between basins) of about 5,250 feet (1,600 metres). The Arctic Ocean basin is the worlds smallest, shallowest, and coldest ocean, making up 4.3% of global water. Powerful rifting led to the formation of narrow troughs, stretching from modern Newfoundland to the west coast of the Gulf of Mexico which formed siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Three phases of sedimentation have been identified. The Caribbean Beaches are without a doubt among the best in the world. The islands which make up the Greater Antilles include Hispaniola Island (shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Jamaica, Cuba, Cayman Island, and Puerto Rico. Click the numbers to find out more. The average depth of the ocean measures about 12,100 feet (3600 meters) or about 2.3 miles down! Deposits on the bottom of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico have a thickness of about 1km (0.62mi). The Pacific Ocean is the oldest of all existing oceans. The highly indented Caribbean coastline features many bays and gulfs including the Gulf of Venezuela, Gulf of Honduras, Gulf of Darin, Gulf of Paria, etc. depth; 21ft capability; it can accomodate yachts in excess of 380ft. Transport and trading activities across this sea attracted pirates in the 1560s. In the tropical waters of the Caribbean Sea the average temperature is 27C (81F) and it varies no more than 3C. Following the discovery of the islands by Columbus, the area was quickly colonized by several Western cultures (initially Spain, then later England, the Dutch Republic, France, Courland and Denmark). It forms part of the Great Mayan Reef (also known as the MBRS) and, being over 1,000km (600mi) in length, is the world's second longest. This graphic shows several ocean floor features on a scale from 0-35,000 feet below sea level. Situated on the floor of the western Caribbean Sea between the Jamaica and Cayman Islands is the Cayman Trench (Bartlett Deep), which reaches a depth of 7,686m below the sea level and is the deepest point of the Caribbean Sea. Currently this protocol has been ratified by 15 countries. Just by a few thousand feet, the Atlantic Ocean is deeper than the Caribbean Sea. But with each expedition we reach new audiences who are fascinated by what we are seeing in the deep ocean. This sea has a rich history of exploration, especially by Christopher Columbus. 440 31. 40m. Treaty on maritime boundaries between the United States of America and the United Mexican States (Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean), . Virtually all temperature extremes were associated with the phenomena of El Nio and La Nia. The salinity of the Caribbean Sea is about 3.6%. The average depth of the Atlantic is 3,646 m, with the deepest part being Milwaukee Deep, which descends to around 8,380 m. The Atlantic Ocean derives its name from Greek mythologys Sea of Atlas. Its roughly 135 million years old, having formed during the Cretaceous period. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. That makes this point one of the lowest points on the surface of the Earth, and the Caribbean Sea is the deepest sea (excluding oceans) in the world. The habitats of almost all members of the toad family, poison dart frogs, treefrogs. There are more than 7000 islands in the Caribbean, and they belong to over 28 distinct nations. During the first century of European colonization, Spanish dominance in the region remained undisputed. The region has several types of sea turtle (loggerhead, green turtle, hawksbill, leatherback turtle, Atlantic ridley and olive ridley). The Bahamas (Lucayan) Archipelago includes the island of the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. In order to understand and sustainably manage the oceans resources, we first have to survey what resources exist.. Leeward side of lagoons provide areas of growth for sea grasses. Situated in the southwestern part of the Gulf, the Sigsbee Deep (Mexico Basin) is the deepest region in the Gulf of Mexico that has an estimated depth of over 4,384m. The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and the deepest recorded point is 5,109 m (16,762 ft) 1 m (3 ft) in the Calypso Deep in the Ionian Sea. Let us know. The sea is one of the largest oil production areas in the world, producing approximately 170 million tons per year. The Caribbean hurricane season as a whole lasts from June through November, with the majority of hurricanes occurring during August and September. 830 324. The Windward Islands comprising of Trinidad and Tobago, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Barbados, Martinique, and Saint Vincent and Grenadines. The average depth of the Caribbean Sea is approximately 7,220 feet below the sea's surface. (Image credit: NOAA). The project is estimated to prevent and remove at least 15 000 tonnes of marine trash, benefiting at least 20 000 individuals.[20]. In the early Jurassic due to powerful marine transgression, water broke into the present area of the Gulf of Mexico creating a vast shallow pool. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [16] A Protocol of the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region came in effect in 1986 to protect the various endangered marine life of the Caribbean through forbidding human activities that would advance the continued destruction of such marine life in various areas. 4. Former Professor of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 196776. These sills are located below the Anegada Passage, which runs between the Virgin Islands and the Lesser Antilles, and the Windward Passage, which stretches between Cuba and Hispaniola. The major ocean current greatly influences the areas climate is the North Equatorial Current, which enters the Caribbean Sea region from the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Connections were established with the Pacific Ocean during the Cretaceous Period (from about 145 to 66 million years ago) but were broken when the land bridges that permitted mammals to cross between North and South America were formed in the Miocene and Pliocene epochs (about 23 to 2.6 million years ago). Below is a list of how weve ranked the worlds most extensive oceans and seas, including their area, average depth, and deepest point. Below are answers to questions you might ask about the worlds largest Seas and Oceans. NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24. Deepest Point: Calypso Deep (17,280 feet). without marginal seas 82. The ancient sediments overlying the seafloor of the Caribbean, as well as of the Gulf of Mexico, are about a half mile (about one kilometre) in thickness, with the upper strata representing sediments from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras (from about 252 million years ago to the present) and the lower strata presumably representing sediments of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras (from about 541 to 66 million years ago). The Caribbean's floor is composed of sub-oceanic sediments of deep red clay in the deep basins and troughs. The youngest stretches from the Lesser Antilles to the Virgin Islands to the north east of Trinidad and Tobago off the coast of Venezuela. Oceans are divided into three zones based on depth and light level. Trying to understand the differences and boundaries between multiple oceans and seas is difficult. The Caribbean Sea has the worlds second largest barrier reef, the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. On the western side of the sea, the trade winds influence a northerly current which causes an upwelling and a rich fishery near Yucatn.[12]. I graduated from college with an A.A, but I am still pursuing a Bachelors of Marketing degree. Since 2005 unusually warm Caribbean waters have been increasingly threatening Caribbean coral reefs. Throughout the Caribbean there is industrial catching of lobster and sardines (off the coast of Yucatn Peninsula). Surface currents, bearing both high- and low-salinity water depending on the source, enter the Caribbean mainly through the channels and passages of the southern Antilles. Okeanos Explorer, which is operated, managed and maintained by NOAAs Office of Marine and Aviation Operations, has just spent about four weeks mapping more than 13,600 square miles of seafloor around the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. The expedition team also relied on these maps to determine where the ROV dives will take place. The Caribbean Sea is the Atlantic Oceans 2nd largest marginal sea that is geographically positioned between the continents of North and South America in the Western Hemisphere. Enter your email in the box below to get the most mind-blowing animal stories and videos delivered directly to your inbox every day. Sea surface temperature monitoring tells us how the ocean and atmosphere interact, as well as providing fundamental data on the global climate system . Today, large coastal populations, pollution, and intense fishing are the primary concerns in this sea. Christopher Columbus was the first European to enter the Caribbean Sea and land on the Island of Bahamas in 1492. [13] Among them stands out the Belize Barrier Reef, with an area of 963km2 (372sqmi), which was declared a World Heritage Site in 1996. Right now, there is a debate over how many oceans exist. The Caribbean Sea is also massive, with an area of 1,063,000 square miles. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.. Beginning April 10, scientists aboard NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer will begin a series of 20 dives to investigate previously unseen depths of the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean and the public can follow along online. All of the oceans on Earth are estimated to have a volume of 0.3 billion cubic miles (1.332 billion cubic kilometers) and an average depth of 12,080.7 feet (3,682.2 meters). This arc was formed by the collision of the South American Plate with the Caribbean Plate and includes active and extinct volcanoes such as Mount Pelee, the Quill (volcano) on Sint Eustatius in the Caribbean Netherlands and Morne Trois Pitons on Dominica. Deepest Point: Bougainville (29,986 feet). Cayman Trough (located between the Jamaica and Cayman Islands) is the deepest point of the Caribbean Sea with a depth of 25,220 feet or 7,686 meters. [27] In the Caribbean Sea there are around 1,000 documented species of fish, including sharks (bull shark, tiger shark, silky shark and Caribbean reef shark), flying fish, giant oceanic manta ray, angel fish, spotfin butterflyfish, parrotfish, Atlantic Goliath grouper, tarpon and moray eels. Surface. Director, Florida Institute of Oceanography, St. Petersburg. Today, this seas abundance of sunshine attracts numerous tourists year-round. The majority of our planet's surface is covered in water! Iturralde-Vinent, Manuel (2004), The first inhabitants of the Caribbean, Cuban Science Network . Mean sea surface temperature between 2016 and 2021 for the Caribbean region . Representatives of three species belonging to the genus Halophila, (Halophila baillonii, Halophila engelmannii and Halophila decipiens) are found at depths of up to 30m (98ft) except for Halophila engelmani which does not grow below 5m (16ft) and is confined to the Bahamas, Florida, the Greater Antilles and the western part of the Caribbean. National Geophysical Data Center, 1999. Surface area, volume, and average depth of oceans and seas. In summer, the average monthly temperature everywhere is about +28 C. Cloudiness is 4-5 points. The project "Sustainable finance methods for marine preservation in the Caribbean" will assist remove solid waste and keep it out of the marine and coastal environment by establishing a new facility under the Caribbean Biodiversity Fund (CBF). These are the Yucatn, Cayman, Colombian, Venezuelan, and Grenada basins. The area is so deep; that the temperatures reach near freezing levels. Plunge has significant ecological consequences, Conservation International Caribbean Islands, An Overview of Land Based Sources of Marine Pollution, Reefs at Risk in the Caribbean: Economic Valuation Methodology, Guide to Marine Life: Caribbean-Bahamas-Florida, Defying Ocean's End: An Agenda For Action, Center For Advanced Study on Puerto Rico and the Caribbean, Caribbean Basin Trade and Partnership Act, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caribbean_Sea&oldid=1148478553, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles using infobox body of water without alt, Articles using infobox body of water without pushpin map alt, Articles using infobox body of water without alt bathymetry, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing Haitian Creole-language text, Articles containing Jamaican Patois-language text, Articles containing Papiamento-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 April 2023, at 12:01. 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