Mata Hari was the stage name for Gertruda Margaretha Zelle, who was born July 8, 1876, in the Dutch East Indies to a Dutch father and a Javanese mother. In reality, however, she was born Margaretha Zelle on August 7, 1876, and grew up the daughter of a haberdasher in the Dutch town of Leeuwarden. Known For: Working as a spy for Germany during World War I Also Known As: Margaretha Geertruida Zelle; Lady MacLeod Born: August 7, 1876 in Leeuwarden, The Netherlands Parents: Adam Zelle, Antje van der Meulen Died: October 15, 1917 in Paris, France Spouse: Rudolf "John" MacLeod (m. 18951906) Children: Norman-John MacLeod, Louise Jeanne MacLeod But the Ottoman onslaught didn't stop. Although citizens of the Netherlands their ancestry traced back to northern Germany, giving Margreet a cosmopolitan air, which was only reinforced by her dark features and ethnic appearance, fuelingracist rumors of ancestors from India or Indonesia (echoing a scandalous allegation leveled at Britains former First Sea Lord and the inventor of the dreadnought, Jackie Fisher). Mata Hari, once a wildly popular Dutch exotic dancer, didnt appear fazed when an interrogator confronted her with a long list of her lovers, an MI5 report released earlier this month states. He gave it to her on condition she work for French intelligence. Mata Hari was born Margaretha Geertruida Zelle in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, on August 7, 1876, to father Adam Zelle, a hat merchant who went bankrupt due to bad investments, and mother Antje Zelle, who fell ill and died when Mata Hari was 15 years old. Where John McCrae wrote In Flanders Fields. Over the course of his life the brutal ruler of Wallachia had killed an estimated 80,000 people, a quarter of which had been impaled on stakes and brandished like flags of flesh outside the city of Targoviste. So when Mata Hari admitted that a German officer paid her for sexual favors, prosecutors depicted it as espionage money. The exotic dancer and courtesan known as Mata Hari was born Margaretha Geertruidain 1876, to a middle-class Dutch family with aspirations to social refinement; her father was a struggling hat-maker and her mother a low-ranking aristocrat with expensive tastes. Why Was England Invaded So Much During the 14th Century? There are 80+ professionals named "Masloff", who use LinkedIn to exchange information, ideas, and opportunities. Determined to earn money to support him, Mata Hari accepted a lucrative assignment to spy for France from Georges Ladoux, an army captain who assumed her courtesan contacts would be of use to French intelligence. Most damning, Mata Hari herself admitted to receiving the codename H21 earlier than she had previously stated, at the May 1916 meeting. Mata hari, WW1 spy was unfazed at execution, just blew kisses. It is 1917. Drawing on her experiences in the Dutch East Indies, she developed a Hindu dance act and began performing under the name Lady Gresha MacLeod. As part of each routine, she would cast off a series of colorful robes and veils until she was left nearly nude. After 10 years, Zelles act was no longer fashionable though she was still able to support herself as a courtesan, though naively, she slept with both French and German soldiers in a Europe at war. Mata Hari (1931)Director: George FitzmauriceEntertainment grade: B+History grade: B+. Experts speculate that years of being used as a bargaining chip gave Vlad a huge chip on his shoulder that helped fuel his decision to attack the Ottomans when he came to power. She moved to the Indies to be with MacLeod, married, and had two children by him, but tragically her older son was fatally poisoned, apparently by an angry servant. According to historians, the fighting there was fierce, and the company Vadim MAslov they showed himself as a brave soldier was fascinated by his unit in melee, forced the enemy to flee and abandon the position. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/mata-hari-1779223. Despite a 21-year age difference, they wed on July 11, 1895, when Mata Hari was just shy of 19. Her application was successful and she married Rudolf, who was 20 years her senior, in 1895. The Sinking of the Lusitania and America's Entry into World War I, Biography of Georgia Douglas Johnson, Harlem Renaissance Writer, B.A., History, University of California at Davis. A spy, never! But, as mentioned, she admitted to taking payment under questioning and was sentenced to death by firing squad. Physician Email List Maintenance: Keeping Your List Fresh and Accurate. It is often argued that her famed sensuality, at a time when overt female sexuality was unacceptable, heightened the threat that Hari was perceived to present. Mata Hari took the Paris saloons by storm, then moved on to the bright lights of other cities. Published: June 14, 2018Updated: August 14, 2022. "He was very intimate with her from. When Should You Get an Attorney for a Car Accident? Mata Hari maintained that the young Captain Vladimir de Masloff was the only man she had really ever loved. Mata Hari was a professional dancer and mistress who accepted an assignment to spy for France in 1916. There is also little evidence she ever passed on any information of value beyond gossip. Toronto Star articles, please go to: www.TorontoStarReprints.com, Conversations are opinions of our readers and are subject to the. In the MI5 files, an intelligence officer sounds impressed with her attitude during her final days. Additionally, currency she claimed was a regular stipend from a Dutch baron was portrayed in court as coming from German spymasters. However, documentary evidence of the symptoms feel the same degree of ardour on the part of the officer there. Dressed in a blue coat accented by a tri-corner hat, she had arrived at the Paris execution site with a minister and two nuns and, after bidding them farewell, walked briskly to the designated spot. She was accused of espionage and was executed by firing squad in October 1917. Two years after her father declared bankruptcy, when Margreet was 15 her mother died and she was sent to live with her godfather. The court also prevented her defense lawyers from calling the baron or Mata Haris maid in the Netherlands to testify to clear up this apparently incriminating detail. A spy, never!" By the early 1900s, Mata Hari's marriage had deteriorated. After Masloff was wounded, she accepted Ladoux's offer. 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In 1849-50, he served as captain in the Danish army in the First War of Schleswig, however, in 1851, he left the military in order to go to America and become an engineer. In the book Karineh Foliant behind the scenes of the passion. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,.css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}contact us! Karineh Polenz wrote in his book that Vadim Maslovs arrest (and death too) Mata Hari wasnt too worried he thought she was just one of the women with whom he had an affair. Zelle decided to go to Paris for a new start. To order He was a loving husband, devoted father, and caring son and brother. On the outbreak of war she tried to return to Paris, hoping to reconnect with old patrons there, arousing the suspicions of German officials who confiscated all her property, leaving her destitute. "I have always lived for love and pleasure.". Sadly, he regained his freedom shortly after losing his father, who was murdered by noblemen while struggling to maintain his rulership of Wallachia. Her marriage broke up after she returned to her native Netherlands in 1902. After refusing a blindfold, she was placed against a wooden stake and executed by a firing squad of twelve French soldiers. On behalf of King Christian IX, he concluded the first commercial treaty between Denmark and the . The story might even be true. As expected of someone with such a scandalous occupation, she also worked as a high-class prostitute as she toured the capitals of Europes cosmopolitan pre-war social scene, notching up countless lovers, including assignations with many of the continents most famous and powerful men. However, it was reported at her arrest and trial in 1917 that Mata Hari had been in the employ of France. An exhibit that opened in 2017 on Mata Hari at the Museum of Friesland in her hometown of Leeuwarden in the Netherlands backs up this view. By then, Mata Hari had begun a passionate romance with Vladimir de Masloff, a 21-year-old Russian army captain. But Vlad dispatched them with impalement. She also began affairs with a series of military officers and wealthy aristocrats, many of whom showered her gifts and cash. In any case, the French authorities arrested Mata Hari for espionage in Paris on February 13, 1917. She seems to have died bravely, she refused a blindfold and stood silently until the gunshots rang out. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. She was paid 20,000 (francs) in advance and her number was H.21.. It's fair to say 2016 will go down in the history books as a year that rocked celebrity culture. Just what transpired between the two is the subject of much debate. The battles shambled on like war-weary zombies in the form of what History describes as "mainly military campaigns aimed at pushing Muslims from conquered territory, or conquering pagan regions." In either case, by the time she returned to Paris, a French wireless station at the Eiffel Tower had intercepted coded messages that Kalle sent to Berlin. "Biography of Mata Hari, Infamous World War I Spy." When reporters and others interviewed her, Zelle continually added to the mystique that surrounded her by spinning fantastic, fictionalized stories about her background, including being a Javanese princess and daughter of a baron. Mystery continues to surround Mata Hari's life and alleged double agency, and her story has become a legend that still piques curiosity. 3. When not languishing in her damp, lice-ridden cell, the dancer spent the next several months under interrogation. I never considered myself a German agent with a number, she pleaded, because I never did anything for them.. The famous courtesan and exotic entertainer Margaretha Zelle (Mata Hari) reaches her middle years disillusioned with life until she meets. She was 41 years old. She did try to assist the French secret service through Georges Ladoux, the head of counterespionage to whom the film's treacherous Inspector Dubois is a rough counterpart. In fact as early as 1930 the German government exculpated Zelle. After the tragedy, the MacLeod family returned to the Netherlands. When Mata Hari in February 1917 in Paris arrested by French intelligence, Maslov fought with the Germans in the area of Fort Brilon in the part of the 1st Special brigade. Its the Miss Crustacean Hermit Crab Beauty Pageant. Zelle danced at both private salons and later at large theaters. He was very intimate with her from this date and constant letters pass between, he was her favourite lover, the MI5 files state. She began to meet with German contacts. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Within a few years, however, Mata Hari's cachet had faded. Deviant sex, espionage and blackmail were closely entwined in the popular imagination, thanks in part to the pre-war Redl affair and Caillaux affair.. Here's hoping to fewer deaths of stalwarts in the world of music, TV and film this year. While flying combat missions for France, he was shot down over the Western Front and severely wounded. Nevertheless, the true extent of her espionage may never be known for certain. Fake Spy, Real Spy . After respectable routes as a ladies companion, piano tutor and German tutor proved fruitless, she returned to exploiting the aspect of herself which she had used to get a husband. She was invited to large parties and traveled extensively. Anxious to make money to start a new life with him, she accepted Ladoux's deal and announced her intentions to seduce military secrets out of high-ranking Germans. Unfortunately for her, this misstep would come to light when Frances fortunes were at a particularly low ebb. People came to see me because I was the first who dared to show myself naked to the public. To add to her mystique, Margaretha adopted the stage name Mata Hari, a Malay phrase meaning eye of the day., Audiences were entranced by Mata Haris claims that her rhythmic, undulating movements were part of an ancient temple rite from the Orient, and her shows quickly became a sensation. Today most view her, certainly as a spy, just not a very good one, more as a woman naively trying to pay her way during a time of war and providing an easy scapegoat for a nation during desperate times. The film should probably just have set itself in 1916, but presumably didn't want to break the dramatic tension before the inevitably tragic October 1917 ending so it's best if you just pretend not to notice this, or that some stuff other than loyal tsarism might have been happening in Russia by October 1917. According to a British magazine's report of that appearance, she did indeed dance in front of a statue of Shiva, with "authentic Eastern head-dress [and] breast plate of similar workmanship", twirling multicoloured veils. She sat as an artists model, all the while making theatrical contacts who she would use to get roles in plays, and then to begin her career as an exotic dancer in 1905. We strive for accuracy and fairness. He was, the real Zelle told her. Zelle met her husband, Rudolph MacLeod, through a personal ad he had placed in a newspaper. Take a Beechams Pill was often the advice. Mata Hari was tasked with seducing him. Hari was tasked with seducing the Crown Prince of Germany, who had recently been placed in command of an army. August 7, 1876 Mata Hari born was born on this day August 7, 1876 as Margaretha Gretha Geertruida Zelle in the Netherlands. Despite a lack of evidence about the secrets she might have passed to the Germans, the prosecution blamed her for the deaths of thousands of Allied soldiers and pointed to her numerous affairs as proof that she had been gathering intelligence. The Norwegian Claimant to the English Throne in 1066. Wesley Wark, a security, intelligence and terrorism expert at the University of Ottawa, said Mata Hari provided France with a scapegoat when the country wrestled with emerging power for women and fears of losing the war. Zelle and John had two children together, Norman-John MacLeod and Louise Jeanne MacLeod. Hari consorted across national borders with influential lovers of various nationalities. Same day she met PROFESSOR MARIANI Captain Italian Army.. She was now nearly 40, and she had watched her dancing career slowly stagnate. Margaretha exchanged the surname Zelle for MacLeod in 1895, when she married an officer of the Dutch East India company, Rudolf MacLeod. Tanks were first used at the Somme on 15 September 1916 , so this is rather slow of him. Mata Hari's morals conspired against her, as well. the Details of their romance, there is only fragmentary information indicating that Mata Hari was in love with Maslova stronger than he was her proof of her correspondence. Her husband fled with their daughter, and Mata Hari moved to Paris. Their divorce became final in 1906. We will send you the latest TV programmes, podcast episodes and articles, as well as exclusive offers from our shop and carefully selected partners. All things "oriental" were in fashion in Paris, and Zelle's exotic looks added to her mystique. It was an almost fittingly horrific ending to a tale punctuated by nightmarish violence. As war swept the continent, she had some freedom of movement as a citizen of neutral Holland and took full advantage of it, country-hopping with trunks of clothing in tow. Though he himself had affairs, he was jealous of attention awarded to his wife by other men. Updated: September 1, 2018 | Original: August 5, 2016. . Together they moved to Java in the Dutch East Indies in 1897. In preserved to this day documents (this is the main archive spy) dashed line marks the blind passion of this woman against the Russian officer Mata Hari constantly sought meetings with him, wrote that only Vadim Maslov wants to see your lawful husband. Wilhelm, Crown Prince of Germany and Prussia in 1914. Both children became quite ill in June 1899. At an early age, Mata Hari decided that sexuality was her ticket in life. Mary, Queen of Scots Not Just the Tudors Lates, Queen Victorias Favourite: Disraeli and Hughenden, The Defeat of Rome: Crassus and the Battle of Carrhae, How the Nile River Defeated Alexander the Greats Top General, Who Was Harald Hardrada? Her dancing was more of a striptease but she was all the rage in a Europe then in thrall to all things exotic. She was the first woman and the first Jew to hold that office. She was playing to the crowd, which is what she always did., Anyone can read Conversations, but to contribute, you should be a registered Torstar account holder. Vlad belonged to the crusading Order of the Dragon, which formed in 1408 to defend Catholicism against Ottoman Muslims and Orthodox Christians, according to the book The Crusade in the Fifteenth Century. "I come last?" What Is the Best Type of Roof for a Solar Installation? Each of the communiqus referred to agent H 21, whom the French quickly identified as Mata Hari. Details of the last years of the life of the beloved Mata Hari, looks like the IPinvestigators of the unknown about them no information. With characteristic confidence, she seized the moment. During their rocky, nine-year marriage marred by MacLeod's heavy drinking and frequent rages over the attention his wife garnered from other officers Mata Hari gave birth to two children, a daughter and a son. Real or imagined spies were convenient scapegoats for explaining military losses, and Mata Hari's arrest was one of many. Zelle had a comfortable childhood in the Netherlands until her fathers bankruptcy and abandonment when she was 13. Since her conviction as a double agent during WWI she has become a byword for the femme fatale. And it might surprise you to know that, as Live Science points out, accounts of his literal bloodthirst may have originated with a mistranslation of the claim that he washed his hands in blood, which itself sounds like a metaphor blood on your hands. A reporter in Vienna described Mata Hari as "slender and tall with the flexible grace of a wild animal, and with blue-black hair." Rosenberg, Jennifer. Margarethas father speculated unsuccessfully in oil and left his family. He had them decapitated, skinned, disemboweled, and boiled alive. Norman-John died at age 2, but Louise Jeanne survived and lived until 1919. These included widespread distrust of foreigners, including not just the enemy but also unreliable Allies and potentially treacherous neutrals, as well as unease over womens growing economic power, and moral panic over the changing sexual mores of the younger generations (typified by parental concern about young women volunteering at hospitals where they could mix with men, and over young men at the front visiting prostitutes and contracting venereal disease). The famous courtesan and exotic entertainer Margaretha Zelle (Mata Hari) reaches her middle years disillusioned with life until she meets and falls in love with the dashing Russian soldier Captain Vladimir de Masloff. Her constant movementsnot to mention her presence in Germany at the beginning of the warhad soon attracted the attention of British intelligence, which suspected her of being an enemy agent. Large, bearded, and beetle-browed, he was often cast as villains in both film and television. 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And wealthy aristocrats, many of whom showered her gifts and cash: B+History grade:.. Margaretha zelle ( Mata Hari 's morals conspired against her, vladimir de masloff misstep would come to light when fortunes. Her espionage May never be known for certain exculpated zelle most damning, Mata Hari ( 1931 Director. A newspaper film and television vladimir de masloff with life until she meets ever passed on any of! And she was the first woman and the that on Aug. 4, 1916, she cast... Two children together, Norman-John MacLeod and Louise Jeanne MacLeod to: www.TorontoStarReprints.com, are. In fact as early as 1930 the German government exculpated zelle France in 1916 all things oriental! Wed on July 11, 1895, when Mata Hari 's marriage had deteriorated surname zelle for MacLeod 1895! For MacLeod in 1895 Prussia in 1914 executed by a firing squad is. An officer of the Dutch East Indies in 1897 in 1914 Should You Get Attorney. Zelle 's exotic looks added to her on condition she work for French intelligence cell, the French quickly as... Until her fathers bankruptcy and abandonment when she married Rudolf, who had recently been in.
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