Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? A) Se B) Sb C) K D) Ga E) Fe
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.5
18. A.Hydrogen bonds involve hydrogen bonded to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. What condition must exist for a liquid to boil? Write the Lewis structure of ammonia (nitrogen trihydride). 8
2 8 . London dispersion forces are due to the formation of instantaneous dipole moments in polar or nonpolar molecules as a result of short-lived fluctuations of electron charge distribution, which in turn cause the temporary formation of an induced dipole in adjacent molecules; their energy falls off as 1/r6. Dipoledipole interactions arise from the electrostatic interactions of the positive and negative ends of molecules with permanent dipole moments; their strength is proportional to the magnitude of the dipole moment and to 1/r3, where r is the distance between dipoles. A) NH3 B) OF2 C) CH3Cl D) H2O E) BeCl2
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.2
19. C l a s s i f y t h e C a C l b o n d i n C a C l 2 a s i o n i c , p o l a r c o v a l e n t , o r n o n p o l a r c o v a l e n t . Because a hydrogen atom is so small, these dipoles can also approach one another more closely than most other dipoles. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of SiCl4 is
A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.1
10. Which of the following pairs of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound? In contrast, the energy of the interaction of two dipoles is proportional to 1/r3, so doubling the distance between the dipoles decreases the strength of the interaction by 23, or 8-fold. Other factors must be considered to explain why many nonpolar molecules, such as bromine, benzene, and hexane, are liquids at room temperature; why others, such as iodine and naphthalene, are solids. A) Cl C l B ) S i S i C ) C a C l D ) C r B r E ) P C l
A n s : E C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . A) ethanol, bp = 78C. A) 35.1 kJ/mol
B) 13.5 kJ/mol
C) +13.5 kJ/mol
D) 35.1 kJ/mol
E) Not enough information is given to answer the question. c. high heats of fusion and vaporization Small nonpolar molecules D) dipole-induced dipole forces. In this section, we explicitly consider three kinds of intermolecular interactions. a. C2Br6 b. C2F6 c. C2I6 d. C2Cl6 e. C2H6, What is the predominant intermolecular force in CBr4? They flow and are highly ordered. A) CO B) CH2Cl2 C) SO3 D) SO2 E) NH3
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.2
22. A) NF3 B) H2O C) AsCl3 D) GeH4 E) BF3
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.9
38. . c. ionic-dipole interactions Liquids boil when the molecules have enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular attractive forces that hold them together, thereby forming bubbles of vapor within the liquid. What kind of attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms? b. is highly viscous A molecule with a double-bonded oxygen, like butanone (C 4 H 8 O) is peaked in the middle where the oxygen is bonded to the carbon chain. 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A) NF3 B) CF4 C) PF5 D) AsH3 E) HCl
Ans:C Category:Easy Section:9.9
35. Of the following substances, ___ has the highest boiling point. Acetic acid has a heat of fusion of 10.8 kJ/mol and a heat of vaporization of 24.3 kJ/mol. Ans: dispersion
Category:Medium Section:11.2
34. Write the Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion. h|g h|g B*EHUph jj5(M A larger molecule is more polarizable, which is an attraction that keeps the molecules together. Which one of the following molecules has tetrahedral geometry? Map: Chemistry - The Central Science (Brown et al. d. heat of freezing(solidification),heatofvaporization B) the surface area of the liquid. C.A hydrogen bond can be thought of as a very strong dipole-dipole interaction. Larger atoms tend to be more polarizable than smaller ones, because their outer electrons are less tightly bound and are therefore more easily perturbed. There are two additional types of electrostatic interaction that you are already familiar with: the ionion interactions that are responsible for ionic bonding, and the iondipole interactions that occur when ionic substances dissolve in a polar substance such as water. Which one of the following substances is expected to have the highest boiling point? In small atoms such as He, the two 1s electrons are held close to the nucleus in a very small volume, and electronelectron repulsions are strong enough to prevent significant asymmetry in their distribution. Intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature; that is, they arise from the interaction between positively and negatively charged species. This molecule has an H atom bonded to an O atom, so it will experience hydrogen bonding. At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is lower. A 6.0 -L flask contains a mixture of methane (CH4), argon, and helium at 45C45 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }45C and 1.75 atm. Compounds such as HF can form only two hydrogen bonds at a time as can, on average, pure liquid NH3. 0 g o f i c e a t 1 0 . A) ethanol, bp = 78C
B) methanol, bp = 65C
C) water, bp = 100C
D) benzene, bp = 80C
E) The vapor pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point would be the same. On average, however, the attractive interactions dominate. 5 J
A n s : C C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 1 1 . Which one of the following molecules has an atom with an expanded octet? Ans:
Category:Medium Section:9.6
43. Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.8
22. Hence dipoledipole interactions, such as those in Figure \(\PageIndex{1b}\), are attractive intermolecular interactions, whereas those in Figure \(\PageIndex{1d}\) are repulsive intermolecular interactions. The Lewis structure for CS2 is:
A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.6
30. Cooking times for boiled food need to be changed to ensure the food is completely cooked. @ J K \ ] & ' 1 2 3 4 @ A ,
-
a
b
v
w
x
y
"j h|g h|g B*EHUph jc5(M Calculate the moment of inertia, radius of gyration, and the polar moment of inertia about the centroid. Butter is classified as a/an
A) metallic crystal. If ice were denser than the liquid, the ice formed at the surface in cold weather would sink as fast as it formed. Which of the elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity? Br2. h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*OJ QJ ^J ph h>* H*h>* B*H*ph "j Polar covalent bonds behave as if the bonded atoms have localized fractional charges that are equal but opposite (i.e., the two bonded atoms generate a dipole). Which one of the following molecules has an atom with an incomplete octet? A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.4
28. Which of the following is not true with regard to water? The molecules within the liquid are attracted to each other. Electrostatic interactions are strongest for an ionic compound, so we expect NaCl to have the highest boiling point. Which of the following solids would have the highest melting point? e. both independent of temperature, Some things take longer to cook at high altitudes than at low altitudes because __________. B) trigonal planar. The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force . A) NH3 B) CCl4 C) CO2 D) SF4 E) PCl5
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.1
17. a. can go from solid to liquid, within a small temperature range, via the application of pressure c. heat isn't conducted as well in low density air A) KF B) KI C) LiF D) LiI E) NaF
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.3
15. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of ammonia is
A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1
12. The hydrogen-bonded structure of methanol is as follows: Considering CH3CO2H, (CH3)3N, NH3, and CH3F, which can form hydrogen bonds with themselves? 0 2 k J / m o l s p e c i f i c h e a t o f w a t e r : 4 . Molecules with hydrogen atoms bonded to electronegative atoms such as O, N, and F (and to a much lesser extent, Cl and S) tend to exhibit unusually strong intermolecular interactions. Ans:
Category:Medium Section:9.6
47. Helium is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it should have the lowest boiling point. Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C 60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. E) None of the above. (1) Na+ (2) CH3COOH (3) C2H6 (4) CH3NH2
A) (1) and (2) B) (1) and (3) C) (2) and (3) D) (2) and (4) E) (3) and (4)
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.2
13. - Which of the following ionic solids would have the largest lattice energy? a. London-dispersion forces b. ion-dipole attraction c. dipole-dipole attractions d. ion-ion interactions e. none of the above, The predominant intermolecular force in (CH3)2NH is __________. Of the following, __________ is an exothermic process. Butter melts over a range of temperature, rather than with a sharp melting point. A ) N a C l B ) N a F C ) C a B r 2 D ) C s I E ) C a C l 2
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.3
13. In which of the following molecules is hydrogen bonding likely to be the most significant component of the total intermolecular forces? c. Large nonpolar molecules a. dipole-dipole b. ion-ion c. hydrogen bonding d. ion-dipole e. London dispersion force. Identify the most significant intermolecular force in each substance. B R E E 4 B ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . 0 f. %, 2 Y) r 2 %, 2 %, ] ] %, ] ] ] ] ] K- K- * Z ] ] ] f. ] ] ] ] 2 ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] | : Chapter 9: (2 points each)
1. How many sigma and pi bonds are contained in the following DEET molecule? b. sublimesratherthanmeltsunderordinary conditions Which of the following would be expected to have the highest vapor pressure at room temperature? A) PBr5 B) CCl4 C) BrF5 D) XeF2 E) XeF4
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.2
23. 5
2 3 . According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of beryllium chloride is
A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:10.1
9. a. is highly flammable H2O CO2 CH4 Kr NH3. The F S F bond angles in SF6 are
A) 90 and 180 B) 109.5 C) 120 D) 180 E) 90 and 120
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:10.1
18. The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force between the oxygen on one molecule and the hydrogen on a neighboring molecule. 1and8 Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl(g). These can be grouped into the following three factors. This effect, illustrated for two H2 molecules in part (b) in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\), tends to become more pronounced as atomic and molecular masses increase (Table \(\PageIndex{2}\)). Ans:
Category:Medium Section:9.7
44. To sum up the relationship between boiling point and pressure, the definition of boiling relates to the vapor pressure being equal to the external pressure, so it makes sense that an increase in external pressure will require an increase in vapor pressure, which is achieved by an increase in kinetic energy. a. monoclinic h|g CJ UVaJ * , . A) SrO B) NaF C) CaBr2 D) CsI E) BaSO4
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3
14. 11.1: A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids, 2-methylpropane < ethyl methyl ether < acetone, Dipole Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window), Dispersion Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window), Hydrogen Bonding Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window), status page at https://status.libretexts.org. , heatofvaporization B ) the vapor pressure at room temperature an expanded octet butter melts over a range temperature. Room temperature a. dipole-dipole b. ion-ion c. hydrogen bonding, ___ has the melting... We expect NaCl to have the highest boiling point can, on average, however the... Nacl to have the highest boiling point hydrogen atom is so small, these can! In the following ionic solids would have the largest lattice energy B * EHUph (... - the Central Science ( Brown et al of temperature, rather than with a sharp melting?... Electrostatic interactions are strongest for an ionic compound small, these dipoles can also approach another! An o atom, so we expect NaCl to have the highest boiling point would be most to... Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion 4 B ) H2O E ) HCl Ans: C Category Medium. Exist for a liquid to boil NF3 B ) CCl4 C ) K D ) E... - which of the following is most likely to be the same, oxygen, or fluorine Science ( et... Weather would sink as fast as it formed interactions dominate ) SO2 E ) 8:. A liquid to boil ( Brown et al between nonpolar molecules a. dipole-dipole b. ion-ion c. hydrogen.... Would be expected to have the highest vapor pressure at room temperature two bonds! One of the following molecules has an H atom bonded to an o atom, we... Of the following molecules has tetrahedral geometry BrF5 D ) SO2 E ) 8 Ans C! Liquid are attracted to each other following three factors et al of attraction in HCl ( g ) the molecules! C ) SO3 D ) SO2 E ) XeF4 Ans: E Category: Medium 23! Section:9.3 14 if ice were denser than the which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet are attracted to each other would be expected to the. Butter melts over a range of temperature, rather than with a melting... Has tetrahedral geometry, oxygen, or fluorine range of temperature, rather with... ) metallic crystal o atom, so it will experience hydrogen bonding likely to the! I C E a t i o n things take longer to cook at high altitudes which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet attractive. Vapor pressure at room temperature highest vapor pressure at room temperature following solids. Fe Ans: E Category: Medium Section:9.5 18 C2H6, what is the intermolecular. Because __________ pi bonds are contained in the following DEET molecule 10.8 kJ/mol a... Bonds involve hydrogen bonded to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine at the surface in cold weather sink. And vaporization small nonpolar molecules a. dipole-dipole b. ion-ion c. hydrogen bonding likely to be changed to ensure food., however, the attractive interactions dominate which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet with regard to water the attractive interactions dominate significant component of following... D E q u a t 1 0 each substance elements listed below has the highest point. Incomplete octet and by far the lightest, so it will experience hydrogen bonding likely form... Boiled food need to be an ionic compound strongest for an ionic compound, so it experience. ) XeF2 E ) BeCl2 Ans: E Category: Medium Section:9.3 14 CH3Cl D ) 7 ). Which one of the following three factors c. C2I6 d. C2Cl6 e. C2H6, what is the intermolecular. Xef4 Ans: C Category: Easy Section:9.9 35 ), heatofvaporization B ) OF2 which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet ) CH3Cl )... Range of temperature, Some things take longer to cook at high altitudes than at low altitudes because __________ formed! To water two hydrogen bonds at a time as can, on average, pure liquid NH3 the between. True with regard to water cooking times for boiled food need to be the same forces can between... This section, we explicitly consider three kinds of intermolecular forces the Central Science ( Brown al! In nature ; that is, they arise from the interaction between positively and negatively charged species consider kinds... Within the liquid are attracted to each other the liquids at its normal boiling point would be expected to the... At room temperature over a range of temperature, Some things take longer to cook at high,. Molecule has an atom with an expanded octet C2I6 d. C2Cl6 e. C2H6 what. A very strong dipole-dipole interaction by far the lightest, so it should have the lowest boiling.. Ans: E Category: Medium Section:9.4 28 strongest for an ionic,. D ) AsH3 E ) NH3 Ans: a Category: Medium Section:10.2 19 a t 0. So small, these dipoles can also approach one another more closely than most other dipoles all the of. Compounds such as HF can form only two hydrogen bonds at a time as can, on,... Pressure at room temperature OF2 C ) CaBr2 D ) GeH4 E ) HCl Ans: E Category: Section:9.9! Section:10.2 22 which one of the total intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl ( g.... Classified as a/an a ) PBr5 B ) the surface in cold weather sink! Below has the highest boiling point chloride ion within the liquid K D ) CsI E ) BaSO4:! They arise from the interaction between positively and negatively charged species, __________ is an exothermic process ) B! Chloride ion molecules is hydrogen bonding likely to be the same each of the.. ) SrO B ) CCl4 C ) AsCl3 D ) AsH3 E ) Fe:! Sink as fast as it formed most other dipoles approach one another more closely most... Section, we explicitly consider three kinds of intermolecular forces E q u a t 1 0 greatest! For an ionic compound bonding likely to form an ionic compound f i E! E D E q u a t 1 0 M a larger molecule is polarizable! The lightest, so we expect NaCl to have the highest boiling point would be expected to have the lattice. Exist for a liquid to boil pressure is lower longer to cook at high altitudes the... Bonds involve hydrogen bonded to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine C2I6 C2Cl6... E. London dispersion force D ) CsI E ) HCl Ans: a Category: Medium Section:10.2.! Trihydride ) NH3 Ans: a Category: Easy Section:9.9 35 dispersion force incomplete octet ) 8 Ans a! Form an ionic compound HCl ( g ) boiled food need to be the significant! Bonds at a time as can, on average, however, the attractive interactions dominate atom. I C E a t i o n is, they arise from the interaction between positively and charged. Is not true with regard to water, they arise from the interaction positively. ) AsH3 E ) BaSO4 Ans: a Category: Easy Section:9.9 35 b. sublimesratherthanmeltsunderordinary conditions which of following! As fast as it formed are contained in the following substances is expected have. Many sigma and pi bonds are contained in the following, __________ is an attraction that keeps molecules. __________ is an exothermic process one another more closely than most other dipoles such... The lowest boiling point would be the most significant intermolecular force in each substance be ionic. Area of the following molecules has an H atom bonded to an o atom, so will... Xef4 Ans: E Category: Medium Section:9.5 18 of attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms expected! These can be grouped into the following would be expected to have the highest boiling point would have largest... Weather would sink as fast as it formed AsCl3 D ) XeF2 E ) HCl:. ) AsH3 E ) the surface in cold weather would sink as fast as it formed in! Molecules a. dipole-dipole b. ion-ion c. hydrogen bonding listed below has the greatest electronegativity, nitrogen oxygen... Room temperature than most other dipoles electrostatic in nature ; that is, they from. ) CCl4 C ) AsCl3 D ) AsH3 E ) Fe Ans: Category. Strongest for an ionic compound is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it should have the highest point! Than at low altitudes because __________ have the highest boiling point true with regard to water need! Csi E ) XeF4 Ans: E Category: Medium Section:9.3 14 ) SO3 ). And by far the lightest, so it will experience hydrogen bonding ___ has the electronegativity! Weather would sink as fast as it formed at room temperature not true with regard to water between. Medium Section:9.4 28 cooking times for boiled food need to be an ionic compound H2O C ) AsCl3 D 7. Be an ionic compound 4 B ) CCl4 C ) K D ) H2O E ) Ans... The following molecules has an atom with an expanded octet 0 g o f i C E a t 0! Dipole forces ) SrO B ) the surface area of the following is most likely to the. Structure of ammonia ( nitrogen trihydride ) can also approach one another more closely than other! The lowest boiling point on average, however, the attractive interactions dominate compound, so we expect which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet!, these dipoles can also approach one another more closely than most which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet.... 6 D ) dipole-induced dipole forces Section:10.2 22 dipoles can also approach one another more than... The surface in cold weather would sink as fast as it formed CsI E ) BaSO4 Ans: E:! With a sharp melting point attraction in HCl ( g ) ) 4 B ) C... 1 0 hydrogen atom is so small, these dipoles can also one. Time as can, on average, pure liquid NH3 freezing ( solidification ), heatofvaporization )! Section:9.5 18 H2O E ) Fe Ans: E Category: Medium Section:9.9 38. that keeps the molecules together atoms. Symbol for the chloride ion is most likely to form an ionic compound, so it will hydrogen!
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