Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Though they loved these roles, they were frightened by them, too, as the ending of Fitzgeralds second novel, The Beautiful and Damned (1922), shows. Other common themes in his work include society and class, wealth and materialism, and romantic idealism. [304], Nevertheless, Mencken conceded that Fitzgerald came the closest to capturing the wealthy's "idiotic pursuit of sensation, their almost incredible stupidity and triviality, their glittering swinishness". F. Scott Fitzgerald. [227] His attempts to write and sell more short stories faltered. [8] Fitzgerald spent the first decade of his childhood primarily in Buffalo with a brief interlude in Syracuse between January 1901 and September 1903. [403] In her story, she is trapped in a loveless marriage with a wealthy man, yet still pines for Fitzgerald, a former lover from her past. [31] Her imperious father Charles Garfield King purportedly told a young Fitzgerald that "poor boys shouldn't think of marrying rich girls. While writing The Beautiful and Damned, Fitzgerald inserted sentences from his wife's diary. The grandchildren of proud Irish immigrants, Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald were the patriarch and matriarch of the large, influential American Kennedy clan.The parents of nine childrenincluding our 35th President, John F. Kennedy, and two U.S. 00:12. [229] The sudden death of Fitzgerald's mother and Zelda's mental deterioration led to his marriage further disintegrating. His second novel The Beautiful and Damned was filmed in 1922 and 2010. [223] From 1933 to 1937, he was hospitalized for alcoholism eight times. Scott Fitzgerald, This Side of Paradise (1920)[339], For much of his literary career, cultural commentators hailed Fitzgerald as the foremost chronicler of the Jazz Age generation whose lives were defined by the societal transition towards modernity. As a Princeton undergraduate, Fitzgerald talked books with friends over meals at the Peacock Inn, a 16-room boutique hotel and restaurant a stone's throw . Elizabeth Squire , William Sayre, ? [142] Fitzgerald sought to confront Jozan and locked Zelda in their house until he could do so. [120] When Truex replied in the affirmative, Fitzgerald fled to the nearest bar. [279] Despite its publication nearly a century ago, the work continues to be cited by scholars as relevant to understanding contemporary America. [327], Due to this change, although Fitzgerald showed a mastery of "verbal nuance, flexible rhythm, dramatic construction and essential tragi-comedy" in Tender Is the Night,[289] many reviewers dismissed the work for its disengagement with the political issues of the era. Fitzgerald uses vivid imagery and metaphors to provide a visual picture of his characters and settings and incorporate deeper meaning beyond . The Beautiful and Damned describes a handsome young man and his beautiful wife, who gradually degenerate into a shopworn middle age while they wait for the young man to inherit a large fortune. The next decade of the Fitzgeralds lives was disorderly and unhappy. [347][348], The perception of Fitzgerald as the chronicler of the Jazz Age and its insouciant youth led various societal figures to denounce his writings. The Short Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald - Dec 13 2020 Together, these forty-three stories compose a vivid picture of a lost era, but their brilliance is timeless. [248] His work on Three Comrades (1938) became his sole screenplay credit. Notably, Fitzgerald shares a birthplace with two of his most famous fictional characters: Amory Blaine of This Side of Paradise (1920) and Nick Carraway of The Great Gatsby (1925). This Side of Paradise was a revelation of the new morality of the young; it made Fitzgerald famous. "[290] they nonetheless contended that his fiction lacked engagement with the salient socio-political issues of his time,[383] and he lacked a conscious awareness of how to use his considerable talent as an author. Fitzgerald is famous for his depictions of the Jazz Age (the 1920s), especially in his novel The Great Gatsby. [15] In 1911, Fitzgerald's parents sent him to the Newman School, a Catholic prep school in Hackensack, New Jersey. [303] He could write entertainingly, his detractors conceded, but he gave scant attention to form and construction. "[o][400][402] Similarly, Fitzgerald borrowed biographical incidents from his friend, Ludlow Fowler, for his short story "The Rich Boy". I thought all I needed anywhere in the world to make a living was a pencil and paper. [182], The Fitzgeralds rented "Ellerslie", a mansion near Wilmington, Delaware, until 1929. Fitzgerald was constantly surrounded by social leaches, ever-trying to crawl up the social ladder; people whose sole concern was in partying, not a care for the mysterious Gatsby. The Great Gatsby is today widely considered the great American novel.. [a][3] His mother was Mary "Molly" McQuillan Fitzgerald, the daughter of an Irish immigrant who became wealthy as a wholesale grocer. [63][64] Although he received a small raise for creating a catchy slogan, "We keep you clean in Muscatine", for an Iowa laundry,[65] Fitzgerald subsisted in relative poverty. [254] Approaching the final year of life, Fitzgerald wrote regretfully to his daughter: "I wish now I'd never relaxed or looked backbut said at the end of The Great Gatsby: I've found my linefrom now on this comes first. Fitzgerald's father later takes a job that moves the family to New York. "[410], Fitzgerald's stories and novels have been adapted into a variety of media formats. His wife Zelda lived across the valley at Highland Hospital, a psychiatric facility. [117], Following Fitzgerald's adaptation of his story "The Vegetable" into a play, in October 1922, he and Zelda moved to Great Neck, Long Island, to be near Broadway. . [257] As the couple left the Pantages Theatre, a sober Fitzgerald experienced a dizzy spell and had difficulty walking to his vehicle. They fell deeply in love, and, as soon as he could, Fitzgerald headed for New York determined to achieve instant success and to marry Zelda. F. Scott Fitzgerald. [285] In 1990, Hofstra University established the F. Scott Fitzgerald Society, which later became an affiliate of the American Literature Association. [177] Desperate for intellectual conversation, Moran and Fitzgerald discussed literature and philosophy for hours while sitting on a staircase. [178] The starlet became a muse for the author, and he wrote her into a short story called "Magnetism", in which a young Hollywood film starlet causes a married writer to waver in his sexual devotion to his wife. ", Works by F. Scott Fitzgerald in eBook form, Catalog of F. Scott Fitzgerald's Personal Library, American Writers: A Journey Through History, F. Scott Fitzgerald in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia, F. Scott Fitzgerald and 'The Last of the Belles', The Great Gatsby: Music from Baz Luhrmann's Film, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F._Scott_Fitzgerald&oldid=1150318875, 20th-century American short story writers, United States Army personnel of World War I, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 April 2023, at 13:05. [225], By that same year, Zelda's intense suicidal mania necessitated her extended confinement at the Highland Hospital in Asheville, North Carolina. This theme comes up again and again because I lived it. [403] As a parting gift before their relationship ended, Ginevra Kingthe inspiration for Daisy Buchananwrote a story that she sent to Fitzgerald. [266] When Zelda died in a fire at the Highland Hospital in 1948, she was buried next to him in Rockville Cemetery. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Essayist, novelist and short story writer F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) is considered to be one of the most important writers in American literary history. [17], After graduating from Newman in 1913, Fitzgerald enrolled at Princeton University and became one of the few Catholics in the student body. [361] H. L. Mencken believed Fitzgerald's myopic focus upon the rich detracted from the broader relevance of his societal observations. While abroad in Europe, Fitzgerald wrote and published, In France, Fitzgerald became close friends with writers. [386], Wilson attempted to convince Fitzgerald to write about America's social problems, but Fitzgerald did not believe that fiction should be used as a political instrument. [336] Critic Paul Rosenfeld wrote that many of Fitzgerald's short stories "lie on a plane inferior to the one upon which his best material extends. [13] Fitzgerald attended St. Paul Academy from 1908 to 1911. September 24, 1896, is the birthday of F. Scott Fitzgerald. [242] On occasions that Fitzgerald failed his attempt at sobriety,[k] he would ask strangers, "I'm F. Scott Fitzgerald. Now, Donna M. Lucey vividly brings to life these extraordinary lovers and their sweeping, tragic romance. [282] Echoing these opinions, writer Adam Gopnik asserted thatcontrary to Fitzgerald's claim that "there are no second acts in American lives"Fitzgerald became "not a poignant footnote to an ill-named time but an enduring legend of the West". [19] As the semesters passed, he formed close friendships with classmates Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bishop, both of whom would later aid his literary career. [309], Although critics deemed The Beautiful and Damned to be less ground-breaking than its predecessor,[310][311] many recognized that the vast improvement in literary form and construction between his first and second novels augured great prospects for Fitzgerald's future. During her youth, Zelda Sayre's wealthy Southern family employed half-a-dozen domestic servants, many of whom were African-American. What he achieved was an advertising job at $90 a month. "I love her and that's the . F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway first met in a caf. The story is told through the first-person perspective of Nick Carraway , an aspiring young bondsman. [230] He saw Zelda for the last time on a 1939 trip to Cuba. riding in a taxi one afternoon between very tall buildings under a mauve and rosy sky; I began to bawl because I had everything I wanted and knew I would never be so happy again. [352], As Fitzgerald's writings made him "the outstanding aggressor in the little warfare" between "the flaming youth against the old guard,"[353] a number of social conservatives later rejoiced when he died. F. Scott Fitzgerald. [250] In 1939, MGM terminated his contract, and Fitzgerald became a freelance screenwriter. "[244] As Graham had read none of his works, Fitzgerald attempted to buy her a set of his novels. [66] Rejected over 120 times, he sold only one story, "Babes in the Woods", and received a pittance of $30. The Fitzgeralds went to live in Europe, and became notorious for their free-spending . F. Scott Fitzgerald was named after a famous ancestorFrancis Scott Key. [141] Zelda became infatuated with a French naval aviator, Edouard Jozan. [405], Gatsby remains Fitzgerald's most influential literary work as an author. "Start by doing what's necessary, then do what's possible, and suddenly you are doing the impossible . [364] His novel, The Great Gatsby, underscores the limits of the American lower class to transcend their station of birth. She was far more than merely the wife of writer F. Scott Fitzgerald, who called her "the first American flapper." [335], Although a dazzling extemporizer, Fitzgerald's short stories were criticized for lacking both thematic coherence and quality. [193] A year later, when Mencken met Zelda for the last time, he described her mental illness as immediately evident to any onlooker and her mind as "only half sane. [157], By the 21st century, The Great Gatsby had sold millions of copies, and the novel is required reading in many high school and college classes. Fitzgerald portrays the American Dream in the character of Jay Gatsby. [245] After visiting several bookstores, he realized they had stopped carrying his works. Despite its lackluster debut, The Great Gatsby is now hailed by some literary critics as the "Great American Novel". 1. After Edward's business failed, he was employed by Proctor and Gamble, and the family transferred to Buffalo . [78] She disparaged the teenage Moran as "a breakfast food that many men identified with whatever they missed from life. troops. . Shortly after their arrival in France, Fitzgerald completed his most brilliant novel, The Great Gatsby (1925). We had most of them. F. Scott Fitzgerald, born Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 - December 21, 1940) was an American author whose works became synonymous with the Jazz Age. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [259], On learning of her father's death, Scottie telephoned Graham from Vassar and asked she not attend the funeral for social propriety. [305], For his sophomore effort, Fitzgerald discarded the trappings of collegiate bildungsromans and crafted an "ironical-pessimistic" [sic] novel in the style of Thomas Hardy's oeuvre. [332], From 1920 until his death, Fitzgerald published nearly four pieces per year in the magazine and, in 1931 alone, he earned nearly $40,000 (equivalent to $712,735 in 2021) by churning out seventeen short stories in quick succession. [Fitzgerald's] talent was as natural as the pattern that was made by the dust on a butterfly's wings. [270] The few critics who were familiar with his work regarded him as a failed alcoholicthe embodiment of Jazz Age decadence. "The poor son of a bitch," murmured his old friend Dorothy Parker, quoting Jay. "[289], After Fitzgerald's death, writers such as John Dos Passos assayed Fitzgerald's gradual progression in literary quality and posited that his uncompleted fifth novel The Last Tycoon could have been Fitzgerald's greatest achievement. [118] Although he hoped The Vegetable would inaugurate a lucrative career as a playwright, the play's November 1923 premiere was an unmitigated disaster. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born on September 24, 1896, in St. Paul, Minnesota, to parents Edward and Mary (Mollie) McQuillan Fitzgerald. [195] While Fitzgerald labored on his novel, Zelda wroteand sent to Scribner'sher own fictionalized version of these same autobiographical events in Save Me the Waltz (1932). [284] Fitzgerald detested the house and deemed it an architectural monstrosity. Born on September 24, 1896 in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA , United States. [169] A more serious rift soon occurred when Zelda belittled Fitzgerald with homophobic slurs and accused him of engaging in a homosexual relationship with Hemingway. [237] The reunion proved a disaster due to Fitzgerald's uncontrollable alcoholism, and a disappointed Ginevra returned east to Chicago. Please try again. [406] In the style of Joseph Conrad, Fitzgerald often employed a narrator's device to unify these passing scenes and imbue them with deeper meaning. Eliot, he was considered a member of the "Lost Generation," the 1920s expatriate community in post-war Paris.In 1925, Fitzgerald published his most famous novel, The Great Gatsby, which is still widely read today. While Fitzgerald's work is inspired by the writing styles of both Conrad and Keats, Fitzgerald is still a remarkable novelist in his own right. While Scott Fitzgerald was writing The Great Gatsby and Tender is the Night, he was living and experiencing an age of change. He collapsed and died from a heart attack at the young age of 44. Fitzgerald was raised in St. Paul, Minnesota. [231], Fitzgerald's dire financial straits compelled him to accept a lucrative contract as a screenwriter with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) in 1937 that necessitated his relocation to Hollywood. [153] For the rest of his life, The Great Gatsby experienced tepid sales. , John MALLORY, Isabeau de DAMPIERRE , John de FIENNES, Alinor de PROVENCE , Henri III d'ANGLETERRE. F. Scott Fitzgerald was a short story writer and novelist considered one of the pre-eminent authors in the history of . "[322] Gertrude Stein posited that Fitzgerald had surpassed contemporary writers such as Hemingway due to his masterful ability to write in natural sentences. In this novel, Fitzgerald found this new lifestyle seductive and, like Gatsby, he had always idolized the very rich . "[146][147], Following this incident, the Fitzgeralds relocated to Rome,[148] where he made revisions to the Gatsby manuscript throughout the winter and submitted the final version in February 1925. [286] In 1994, the World Theater in St. Paulhome of the radio broadcast of A Prairie Home Companionwas renamed the Fitzgerald Theater. The family tree for F. Scott Fitzgerald should not be considered exhaustive or authoritative. [413] Nearly every novel by Fitzgerald has been adapted for the screen. His debut novel, The Fitzgeralds' French identity card photos, 1929. [37] Hoping to have a novel published before his anticipated death in Europe,[35] Fitzgerald hastily wrote a 120,000-word manuscript entitled The Romantic Egotist in three months. [142] Soon after, Zelda overdosed on sleeping pills. At 44 years of age, F. Scott Fitzgerald, suffering a massive heart attack, was dead. They are different from you and me. [89] At the time of their wedding, Fitzgerald claimed neither he nor Zelda still loved each other,[87][90] and the early years of their marriage were more akin to a friendship.[88][91]. [76], Fitzgerald's debut novel appeared in bookstores on March26, 1920 and became an instant success. [354] Mere weeks after Fitzgerald's death in 1940, Westbrook Pegler wrote in a column for The New York World-Telegram that the author's passing recalled "memories of a queer bunch of undisciplined and self-indulgent brats who were determined not to pull their weight in the boat and wanted the world to drop everything and sit down and bawl with them. [236] "She was the first girl I ever loved and I have faithfully avoided seeing her up to this moment to keep the illusion perfect," Fitzgerald informed his daughter Scottie, shortly before the planned meeting. Born on September 24 54. There was a small turnout at his funeral . [113], After his daughter's birth, Fitzgerald returned to drafting The Beautiful and Damned. F. [323], The realization that Fitzgerald had improved as a novelist to point that Gatsby was a masterwork was immediately evident to certain members of the literary world. After six weeks, Zelda asked for a divorce. Fitzgerald worked on his fourth novel, Tender Is the Night (1934), sporadically for almost ten years after . [403] Fitzgerald frequently re-read Ginevra's story, and scholars have noted the plot similarities between Ginevra's story and Fitzgerald's novel. Scott Fitzgerald, "The Rich Boy" (1926)[356], A recurrent theme in F. 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